Opinião Pública – Vol. 28, Nº 2 2022
Articles in this issue
Authors: Daniel Buquet e Ariadna Gallo
This article analyses primary presidential elections – open, simultaneous and mandatory for political parties – in Uruguay and Argentina. In spite of their similarity, both systems have some differences: i) voting is mandatory in Argentina and voluntary in Uruguay; ii) in Argentina, the presidential candidate must run in the primary along with a vice presidential candidate, while in Uruguay the primary solely decides the presidential candidate. Through a neo-institutionalist approach and the primary electoral results, the present research shows that different rules cause significantly different outcomes. Primaries in Uruguay promote internal contestation and a diversity of alternatives within and among parties. In Argentina, the system discourages competition and stimulates elite coordination from the beginning of the process, concentrates the candidate supply, and organizes preferences into two main blocks.
Authors: Gabriel Prosser Bravo, Camilo Caro Zúñiga e Juan Carlos Arboleda-Ariza
The Conferences of the Parties function as transnational platforms to plan and implement mechanisms for climate action. The objective of this article is to analyze the discourses of the Global South in the context of COP 25, to unveil the environmental rhetoric of decision makers. For this, thematic content analysis was carried out on 60 statements of the high segment of COP25. It was possible to identify three rhetorics about climate action: urgent; ethical; cooperative, and two rhetorics about the climate regime from the South: the historical responsibility of the North and vulnerability as a condition that hinders climate action from the South. It is concluded that within the parties' discourses, a hegemonic rhetoric of climate inaction prevails, one which is focused on decision makers, is unable to implicate other actors, and reproduces the current logic of the climate regime.
Authors: Filipe Mendes Motta e Ricardo Fabrino Mendonça
This article seeks to discuss the temporal dimension of social conflicts through the lens of the deliberative approach to democracy. In this sense, it seeks to fill a gap in this approach, challenging an implicit premise in several studies, namely that more time for discussion implies democratic inclusion. In dialogue with the concepts of slow violence, durational time, and event, we seek to discuss how overlapping temporalities, attempts to control the pace of political processes by the actors involved, and the duration of these processes impact both the presence and positioning of these actors and the configuration of public debates. Using an interpretative methodological approach, we discuss these issues based on two cases of environmental conflicts over mining in the state of Minas Gerais in recent decades, in the region of Serra do Gandarela and in the municipality of Brumadinho.
Authors: Carla Almeida, Ednaldo Ribeiro, Euzeneia Carlos e Rafael da Silva
In this article, we identified patterns and variations that occurred over time in decision-making routines and in the operational conditions of the municipal councils of social welfare in Brazil through experiences with different contextual cuts, considering the period of institutional consolidation of the policy in the 2000s and the change of orientation that it suffered after 2016. Accordingly, we identified groups of councils with similar profiles in their characteristics and based on that we present an index to measure the effectiveness of these instances in the social welfare policy. The data is from the SUAS Census (2012-2018) and allows us to offer a diagnosis of the institutionalization of the set of municipal councils throughout a historical series, a challenge rarely faced by the studies on participatory institutions.
Authors: Daniela Leandro Rezende, Paulo Fraga e Aruna Sol
The purpose of this article is to analyze the public hearings on marijuana/cannabis held in the Chamber of Deputies between 1997 and 2020. We conducted a census of public hearings on the subject and an automated content analysis of the speeches made in them. The legislative debate on cannabis/marijuana regulation in Brazil via public hearings expanded in recent years, focusing on the medicinal and industrial uses of the plant. As main results, we observed that there was a change in the profile of guests over time, since researchers, representatives of patients/users and regulatory agencies gained prominence. We also note that there is polarization surrounding the debate over the pair medicinal use vs. abuse/addiction. Other themes also stood out in the speeches analyzed, albeit less centrally, related to cultivation, products derived from cannabis, and the production chain and its regulation.
Authors: Eduardo Moreira da Silva, Antonio Carlos Andrade Ribeiro, Marjorie Marona e Lucas Fernandes de Magalhães
We intend to advance the research agenda on the judiciary by bringing research on conflict resolution in constitutional courts closer to that on the mobilization of laws by interest groups and social movements. The Public Hearings (PAs) held by the Supreme Court are analyzed as strategic arenas for processing contentious issues in which diverse actors have opportunities to contribute to legal practices. The central objective of the article is to identify the mechanisms of connection and transmission of deliberations present in the public hearings held by the Supreme Court (STF) in the period from 2007 to 2019. The research problem was formulated with the purpose of investigating and analyzing how civil society acts within the Supreme Court. Finally, this article’s main result confirms civil society organizations as the main connector of the APs held at the STF, as they represent about 40% of the organizations present, simultaneously, in more than two hearings.
Authors: Arthur Trindade M. Costa e Marcelo Ottoni Durante
The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of the media on perceptions of fear of crime among residents of the Brazilian Federal District. The study explores the influence of audience characteristics on the relationship between the media and fear of crime. We also analyzed the impact of different types of media (television, newspapers, and social media) on fear of crime. Research shows that the media's influence on fear of crime depends on the type of media, due to the differences in content and the characteristics of the audience.
Authors: Juana María Ruiloba-Núñez e María Goenaga Ruiz de Zuazu
The aim of this article is to apply a gender perspective to reflect on political leadership and the communication style deployed on Twitter (1078 tweets) during Andalusia’s 2018 electoral campaign. By means of quantitative content analysis, we examine possible gender gaps. The data collected show that women politicians display a particular communicative style and are more visible on social media, putting women’s issues on the agenda and employing a strong, personalistic leadership style close to party organizations in their territories. Further analysis is possible, exploring whether our framework of analysis and conclusions for regional elections in Andalusia can be transferred or can explain similar dynamics in other realities or whether, in contrast, institutional or contextual variables define the political communications of leaders.
Authors: Júnior João Samuel dos Santos, Francisco Maria Januário e Abacar Molide
This article explores the view of Mozambican public servants on bureaucratic entropies in the recruitment and selection process and its effects on career management. The investigation involved 20 participants, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the collected narratives. The findings obtained highlight the occurrence of four bureaucratic entropies, namely: weaknesses in human resource management, inefficiency in career management practices, patronage in recruitment, and centralized decisions. However, the views expressed by the interviewees reach a consensus on bureaucratic entropies negatively affecting career management.